The main function of GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS (GAG's) is the maintenance of and the support of the Collagen and Elastin and turgidity (bounce) in the cellular spaces. Keeping those protein fibers in balance and proportion. It also promotes the ability of the collagen and elastin fibers to retain moisture, therefore remain soluble.

The interstitial fluids (GAGS) are essential to the epidermal & dermal cells metabolism and maintaining the connective tissues (collagen and elastin) in good condition. They seep from the capillaries of the micro-circulation and are dependent on efficient respiration transpiration and hydration. They are also linked to the lymphatic system. Known as the water reserve of the viable epidermis and dermis. This medium is entirely dependent on fluid intake.

GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS CONSIST OF

Hyaluronic Acid, Mucopolysacharides

 and  Chondroiton Sulphates

Hyaluronic acid and its salts are members of the non-protein class of glycosaminoglycans (GAG's), found in the dermis and surround the collagen and elastin fibers. About 70% of all GAG's are HAs, the rest being mucopolysacharides and chondroitin sulphates.

The use of GAG's as a moisturiser is based on their action as plasticisers or lubricants for collagen fibers, helping to restrict the conversion of soluble to insoluble collagen.

HA is also offered as a high molecular weight hydrophilic material that functions as a "molecular sponge", allowing for extensive hydration.

HA also can function as a transdermal delivery system for other "actives" since it forms a matrix on the skin, allowing increased skin penetration due to skin saturation and hydration.

MPS is a flexible, intercellular, jelly like substance found in the interstitial fluid of the Dermis.

Elastin and Collagen are proteins that are present in the dermis and in varying quantities in the large arteries and certain ligaments. In conjunction with collagen, elastin is part of the production of network of connective fibrous tissues supporting the skin, and as with collagen, is elastin nourished by the presence of GLYCOSAMINOGYCANS (GAG’s) the interstitial fluid.

With advancing age, the Elastin & Collagen fibers gradually break down, and the loss of elasticity and skin density causes the appearance of wrinkles.

The loss of interstitial fluids is another cause of premature elastin & collagen loss, and can be related directly to internal dehydration.

Collagen has the properties of being highly flexible, elastic and absorbent (hydrophilic) It is the most abundant protein in the body, representing between 25 to 30% of proteins in the average adult. As the interstitial fluids (GAG’s) nourish the collagen in the skin, its health is directly related to the level of internal hydration of the body. The next most abundant constituent of connective tissue is elastin representing only 5% in the dermis.